Almond Drill Chuck Refurbish

I picked up this small chuck with a bunch of other old tools, and I've had it for a number of years. It was coated with rust but still usable. I've used it in a bit brace and to drill very fine holes just holding in my hand, and twisting it with my fingers. After taking the center out the tail stock in my lathe for the hundredth time, it occurred to me that the taper of this small chuck may be the same. 

Click here to see a YouTube video I made about the refurbish.

After a quick check, I dropped it in Evaporust overnight to clean it up. When it came out of the rust remover, I washed it with a wire brush and hot water. The hot water heats up the metal so that when I'm finished washing and dry the part, the heat dries out the piece really well. 

Here it is in the lathe after I cleaned it

 

I put it in the four jaw chuck in the lathe and  put a clean surface on the tapered arbor. Once it was clean I could see the makers mark on it. Its a T.R. Almond Mfg Co. model 40 - 50 drill chuck. Almond sold these and Morse Taper arbors separately, but the arbor isn't marked, so I'm just assuming that its also and Almond product, as it seems to match the illustration in this catalog page I found on the Internet Archive.

Click to expand, or use the link above

Almond Mfg made this Jacob's style drill chuck at some point after Jacob's brought his invention to Almond in1902 and Almond refused it, saying that it had no significant improvements over his own, hand-tightened chuck. After Almond refused him, Jacob began manufacturing on his own, and patented his invention, and after his key tightened chuck became popular, the T. R. Almond Manufacturing Co., now owned by former company treasurer Carlton A. Hubbel, copied it and was successfully sued by Jacobs for patent infringement. According to the judgement, Almond Mfg could still make their version of Jacobs Chuck, but there were restrictions on where it could be sold. The two companies then feuded over the situation for some time. Most of the information I found on the T. R. Almond Manufacturing Co. and their feud with Jacobs was found on Vintage Machinery's website.

The Morse Taper was invented in 1864 by Stephen A. Morse to easiliy join two rotating machine components. Earlier in the same year, Morse invented the modern twist drill, and with a $30,000 investment from supporters, he opened the Morse Twist Drill and Machine Company in New Bedford, Massachusetts, and soon saw the need for a simple, and easily repeatable method for driving his bits. He came up with the tapered shaft. 

A lot of the information I found on the Morse Taper Arbor history is from the PubMed Central (PMC) site, which is the archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature at the U.S. National Institutes of Health's National Library of Medicine (NIH/NLM) which talks mostly about how the tapered arbor is still used in medical implants, such as hip replacements.